The publishing location, publisher, and the year in which the work was published are placed between brackets.I nitials for authors who always only use their initials, but preferably you supply their full names.

The first name and surname of the author.In the first citation of a specific book in the footnotes or endnotes, you provide complete information on the source. All references are ended with a full stop, in the footnotes and endnotes as well as in the bibliography.Ĭiting a book with a single author In the footnotes or endnotes:.The title of a chapter or article is placed between quotation marks.The title of a book or journal must be in italics.Except for authors who alwyas use initials, for example C.S. Preferably use the full given name instead of initials.

In the bibliography, the different components of the citation are distinguished using full stops.

Please note that there no comma is placed before the publication information. For example, a comma must be placed between the name of the author and the title.

In the footnotes and endnotes, the different components of the citation are distinguished using commas.

In subsequent citations to the same publication, you can use an abbreviated version.

In the first citation of a specific publication in the footnotes or endnotes, you provide complete information on the source.

Citations in footnotes or endnotes look different than references in the bibliography. Each publication type determines how you have to cite the sources used. There is a bibliography at the end of the paper in which all works are stated again. Each citation has a number that corresponds to a number in the body of the text. Source citations are shown in footnotes at the bottom of each page or in endnotes at the end of the paper. The Notes and Bibliography citation style is primarily used in the humanities, such as history, literature studies, and (continental) philosophy.

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